DNS-based identification

I’ve written before about how the failure of source routing created the need for NAT, but that post didn’t address the basic security problem with source routing that caused ISPs to disable it. It allows a man-in-the-middle attack where a machine can totally fabricate a packet that claims to come from a trusted source. There’s no way that the destination machine can distinguish between such a rogue packet and a genuine packet that the source actually requested be source routed through the fabricating machine. At the time, Internet security was heavily host-based (think rsh), so this loophole became perceived as a fatal security flaw that led to source routing being derogated and abandoned.

A quarter century later, I think we can offer a more balanced perspective. Host-based authentication in general is now viewed as suspect and has largely been abandoned in favor of cryptographic techniques, particularly public-key cryptosystems (think ssh) which didn’t exist when TCP/IP was first designed. We are better able to offer answers to key questions concerning the separation of identity, address, and route. In particular, we are far less willing (at least in principle) to confuse identity with address, if for no other reason than an improved toolset, and thus perhaps better able to judge source routing, not as a fundamental security loophole, but as a design feature that became exploitable only after we began using addresses to establish identity.

Can we “fix” source routing? Perhaps, if we will completely abandon any pretext of address-based authentication. What, then, should replace it? I suggest that we already have our address-less identifiers, and they are DNS names. Furthermore, we already have a basic scheme for attaching cryptographic keys to DNS names (DNSSEC), so can we put all this together and form a largely automated DNS-based authentication system?

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